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The most important stream process in defining
channel form is the bankfull discharge, which is essentially
the same as the effective—or dominant—discharge.
Bankfull discharge is the flow that transports the
majority of a stream's sediment load over time and
thereby forms and maintains the channel. Any flow
that exceeds the stage of the bankfull flow will move
onto the floodplain; therefore bankfull stage is considered
the incipient point of flooding.